Automobile and Large Mass

There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out o f the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them.To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis.One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years o ld called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewisâ€⠄¢ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. â €  â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars.Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them.To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too.Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars.Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise,  all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. d by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting i ntrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars.Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. Lewis spent a while pondering on this, and began to put two and two together. If the  grey smoke was bad, and it was all because of cars, then  why were there so many cars on the road? â€Å"Dad,† said Lewis slowly, â€Å"If the grey smoke is pollution and is bad for us,  why are we going to school in a car? † â€Å"So I can get to work on time, son.The bus or metro would make us late,† answered his father. It was Spring. As soon as the cold weather went, it came back again. The sun seemed ashamed to show his smily face for more than the odd morning. To top it all, loads of people were sick . A spectacular chucking-up bug was going around the school. If anyone looked so much as a bit pasty in class, the teacher would grab an empty litter bin and tell them to hold it close by. Minutes later the school secretary would be calling Little So and So’s mother and telling her to get over quickly and collect her sick child.The bug even got poor Isis, who was NEVER off school. Like everything else about her, Isis’s attendance record was usually perfect – but not this week, because there was no way she could come in. She texted Katie: â€Å"Poor me, I feel so rotten! Chucked up 6 times. Is that a world record? † Katie had so far escaped the bug. She was very careful about washing her hands and not going near anyone who coughed or spluttered. She asked her mother what could be done for Isis, and she suggested an ancient witch’s remedy made from mint leaves and mandrake’s root. ‘Sounds great,’ said Katie, â€Å"Why don’ t witches cure everyone? ’

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay

NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES! Human Needs Needs: lack of something that is required or desired Needs exist from birth to death Needs influence our behavior Needs have a priority status Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs( levels of need) Meeting Needs Motivation to act when needs felt Sense of satisfaction when needs met Sense of frustration when needs not met Several needs can be felt at the same time Different needs can have different levels of intensity Altered PhysiologicalNeeds Health care workers need to be aware of how illness interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testing Anxiety Medications Loss of vision or hearing Altered PhysiologicalNeeds (continued) Decreased sense of smell and taste Deterioration of muscles and joints Change in person’s behavior What the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs Summary Be aware of own needs and patient’s needs More efficient and quality care can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of others Summary Recognise that we are all different. Help them to help themselves and become more independent. Everyone has a choice Treat individuals with respect and dignity. Protect vulnerable individuals Different professionals are involved in care formal and informal care provision Summary Our five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of working age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

Domestic Animal Essay

Even every child knows what it is animal. And I bet with you that every child sees it interesting to have some animal at home, to own it and to care for it. My first animal was given to me in my age of seven and it was little guinea-pig which was three-coloured. That time, I think, my love for animals begins and I doubt it will ever stop. I always hear children say they really want to have some pet – cat or dog, mostly dog. And most of the time they have to wait until they can buy it by themselves because their parents don’t want to be responsible for other member of their family. And yes, animal like cat or dog becomes member of your family if you want it or not. But I fell in love with guinea-pigs. I had four of them till now. But every time it was one single animal in my room with me, one little friend. As I grew up it wasn’t only friendly and definitely lovely face which I like on them but their character which was different in every of them. They can be snuggling but they can easy become angry with you and then you have to be careful to find your way to them again. After some time guinea-pigs became my new hobby. I caught up with few breeders and found out new interesting things for example about genetics of exhibition guinea-pigs. I said before that animals like dogs become members of your family but after all even a far more little â€Å"thing† joined to our family life. Once I told my father that he’s speaking more with our Jack than with me! 🙂 And when we are talking about family life maybe the next time I will buy a couple with genealogical tree and join to the breeders†¦ But now I have something else in my room, something which can be counted to animals. It is my little sister. She is like other children. She wanted dog, but zhen I explained to her very carefully that she should try something else to our parents. Finally it seems that she is more practical now so we have periodical discussion about bunnies on Sunday and I think that it won’t last long to break our mom. And after all bunnies are good friends with guinea-pigs†¦ but we will have to think up what to do with the hunte-cat of our neighbours.

Isolation of Vibrations Caused By Human Sources Essay

There are many different forms of vibrations that occur on account of human interactions and human involvement. In theory, these vibrations could cause a lot of problems for those who are trying to manage their buildings and structures. There are many different types of vibrations that can be caused by humans. These types of vibrations can include vibrations from trains, cars, airplanes, people who are outside of the structure, and the vibrations caused by small equipment. There are many different things that are done to structures in order to improve their ability to be able to handle the vibrations that are available for both inside the structure as well as what are available when building the structure. These precautions can help the building to be able to withstand the vibrations without causing structural damage or problems. The objectives will be to look at the overall importance of structures being able to withstand vibrations as well as the general knowledge that is needed in order to ensure that the vibrations do not cause structural damage in any form. Through Chapter 2 a literature review this report will look at the various reports and information that are available about vibrations and the various types of vibrations. The report will also look at the different types of problems that could occur within the structure as a result of the vibrations. The various types of precautions that are used to reduce the likelihood of structural damage from vibrations will also be looked at. As will the information that is new and shows the new research and technology that is available. This will all be done through a thorough review of the literature that has been written about the subject. In Chapter 3 the theory being discussed is the idea that structures are subject to a variety of vibrations at all times on account of human interaction with the structures. The theory is that there needs to be precautionary measures taken in order for the structures to be able to withstand the vibrations and therefore not have any structural damage as a result. These types of precautions can include both structural improvements within the structure as well as protecting certain parts of the structure. There are many different types of precautions that can be made and all of them have their own ways of protection for the structure from the dangerous vibrations. However there are many new things being developed through technology that could vastly improve the structure’s chances of withstanding the harmful vibrations. In Chapter 4 a lot of research will go into this report on how these improvements which will be discussed through the previous chapters can truly be the most affective. Analytical analysis of the problems as the solutions as well as the benefits of new technology will be discussed. Both the positive and negative aspects of said reports will be looked at and in the end the structures involved will be able to have the best structural chances possible at this time. These conclusions will be brought forth by information that has been researched and reviewed and through the process of analytical thinking to come up with ways that there can be improvements as well as things that should be continued or discontinued based on their probability of working. Through Chapter 5 it will be noted as to how the conclusions were made in Chapter 4. It will discuss the ideas, thoughts and theories behind the analytical conclusions and how these things were processed. This section will discuss the key points and the validity of the conclusions that were discussed in the previous chapter as well as how these things can be beneficial in being able to make further structural improvements. In Chapter 6 there will be a summary of the information included in the paper. There will also be conclusions that were obtained through the research as well as the information that will help to improve the structural components in being able to identify and withstand varying levels of vibrations. The main purpose of this report will be able to offer information that can be used in order to be able to better manage the overall design concepts and challenges in relations to being able to assist in having structures that can better withstand varying levels of vibrations.

Management Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management Issues - Research Paper Example 3. My superior is never strict on the amount of work, that an individual is required to undertake. All that he needs is for an employee to carry out a considerable amount of work, that he or she has the capability of performing, to the highest standard. 4. There is instance when my superior requires me to complete my work, within a specified period of time. These instances involve when the workload is too much, and the products being processed are needed urgently. 5. My superior normally tries to make me work to my maximum capacity. In as much as he does not emphasize on the workload, he ensures that the work being done, a lot of effort has been placed in it, and it is of high quality. 6. In some instances, I normally perform some inadequate jobs. This involves instances when I am sick. In these circumstances, my supervisor is understanding and allows me some rest. However, the inadequate job that is done, well have to be redone by someone, in case it is urgent. In working out the plans of the goal achievement, my supervisor normally involves every employee under his leadership. This is for purposes of hearing their opinions and using them to develop the goal achievement plan.

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GLOBAL MAKETING Case Study

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GLOBAL MAKETING - Case Study Example This resulted into a provision of year round contributions of products, services, technology and resources in terms of finances. As opposed to the 1990’s broadcasting was significantly on the rise though the award of the same seemed complex. Never in the past had a single negotiation resulted into a multi-game broadcasting and though the percentages of Canada in terms of viewers decreased in 2006 as compared to 2002, was the overall success with regards to the same commendable. For the 2006 winter Olympics, there was a representation in terms of sponsorships in three main categories that is the main sponsors, official sponsors and official suppliers. Among the three levels The Torino Organizing Committee was able to get 57 companies and 63 brands a number which included 5 main sponsors and 17 official sponsors and number which were quite significant in the success of the Olympics (Glasurit set for 2006 Olympics. (Final Coat) (Brief Article). (2005, November 1). To realize this success the sponsors undertook huge investments. The investments by the sponsors through the Olympics of 1998, 2002 and 2006 in terms of partners increased from 26, 53 to 57 in 2006 while the revenue and support was $163 million, $494 million and $348 million in the last year due to minor challenges faced at that time(Elam and Curt). The ticket and licensing took a twist where over 540000 products were sold to commemorate the 2006 winter Olympics through 32 official licenses for 35 products groupings bringing revenue of $17 million which was way ahead by 10% above the set target. Among the licensed products involved a higher percentage of Torino 2006 brand images. Another success was witnessed in rising of the awareness of the Olympics. An increase of percentage from 87% in 2004 to 94% in 2006 of awareness was recorded and hence a boost in all the remaining aspects (Elam and Curt). 2. What worked well, and what did not? In terms of worldwide sponsorship as a longer term marketing p rogram aimed at promoting prolonged sponsorship of the Olympic Games, the 2006 winter Olympics which falls in the year category 2005-2008 recorded 12 TOP sponsors which became the sixth TOP cycle since the advent of the program hence we call it TOP VI (Elam and Curt). The future still needs to look for more sponsorship to strengthen the financial base of the organization. This will be realized through stronger legislations which direct the management of funds required for the same (Glasurit set for 2006 Olympics. (Final Coat) (Brief Article). (2005, November 1). Despite the fact that the 2006 Olympics was a success it is hard to say that it is the best Olympic so far witnessed as those for Lillehammer of 1994 and that for Salt Lake City of 2002 can still be ranked above them for the reasons of a few setbacks. This is despite the right things that happened of the sponsorships and the tickets sales and licensing acts which all lead to the creating of the independent of the IOC due to the increased revenue. The other partners like NOC and OCOG also benefitted from the money resources collected (Elam and Curt). There are though a few things which did not happen right and need to be corrected which include; the difficulty experienced in the comparison of the winter games. Such clarity must be distinguished so that monies such as those used for broadcasting and even other advertising can be rightly and transparently accounted for. Lack of such

Scandinavian Airlines System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scandinavian Airlines System - Assignment Example SAS pioneered in the Arctic route in 1954 with flight from Copenhagen to Los Angels. In 1957 with transpolar service to Tokyo. SAS is also Pioneer in using modern technology within Europe or to US reducing travel time and improving quality of flight. There was a boom in terms of profit in 50s, 60s and 70s. The problems started appearing in late 70s and early 80s. There was substantial reduction in the profits. Jan Carlzon accepted Presidency of this Giant in 1981. Looking at the recent reduction in profits Carlzon had take drastic measures for a improving the financial status of the company. He undertook various strategies and was able to achieve sustainable growth rate for SAS. (INSEAD CEDEP 1988) Carlzon being a sharp and intelligent business leader at once noticed that due to stagnation in the market and over capacity company was losing its market share against competitors. He understood that he should chalk out a new business strategy to deal with the situation. The first strategy that proven and tested by him in his previous venture. He decided to reduce the fleet so that the operation costs may be reducing thus increasing the profit. The replacement of large aircraft in smaller ones would be more cost effective and it would be helpful in increasing the frequency of flights on short and busy routes. He also planned to convert the first class to Business class with almost similar facilities but lower rates. Resource-based theories of strategy As discussed earlier the previous management was more interested in acquiring the planes of latest technology and also of larger size. These planes drained the resources of group and also increased the operations costs. He asked the managers to cut those expenses that were not productive but should not hesitate in raising those that may increase the productivity of the company. Administrative costs were reduced by 25% but also good investments were made into new services and facilities and aircraft interiors. Another important step taken by Group was to expand the circle of their services. The group wanted to take care all the needs of customer from buy tickets to going back home. Introducing SAS International Hotels did this. In 1983, SIH became a separate division within SAS group. (INSEAD CEDEP 1988) Human-resource-based theories of strategy As Carlzon believed in quality not quantity, so he brought about wholesale changes in the human resources section of the group. As the size of fleet was reduced, consequently the number of staff was also reduced. But on the other hand, new recruitments were made on smaller scale where the quality was decisive factor not quantity. As he introduced new products so different, type of staff was required for that. In past there was a bureaucratic atmosphere, everybody just sticked to the company policy, there was no personal initiative involved. For

The common law and the employment law Research Paper

The common law and the employment law - Research Paper Example Emphasizing on this particular issue, the discussion henceforth aims towards analyzing the Common Law practices related to the Employment Standards Act and the Human Rights Code in Canada. The objective of the discussion is to provide an opinion about effectiveness of these laws for employees and for employers from a critical perspective. The Common Law was established in order to provide solution to these problems. Usually, Common Law philosophies create a hybrid legal understanding of employment. Employment standards which are established by the Common Law only apply when ‘Employment Standards Acts’ are not particularly contracted by the employers. Generally, Common Law provides greater rights and advantages to the employees in comparison to the employment law (WeirFoulds, 2011). Hence, it can be stated that employment contract can reduce the exposure of employers to the Common Law and can enhance the liabilities of employees towards their employability. Contradictorily, it has often been argued that Common Laws are biased towards employers where judges always tend to emphasize on the issue treating it to be sole the responsibility of the employees. In this context, it can be argued that the any kind of legal system is not completely perfect. The effectiveness of Common Law is appreciated by people if it is compared with other traditional as well as present regulation systems. However, as the economy and business environment changed, Common Law also reversed with reformist regulations. Hence, at times it seems that Common Laws have become bias towards employers. Nevertheless, it cannot be stated that Common Laws regulations are inadequate to provide justice to the employees. The major reason for this argument against Common Law is its high level of complexity which at times creates uncertainty about how a legal action will proceed. In reality, there are several cases where the claimant employee won against any wrong conduct of emplo yer (Cooray,

Comparing and contrasting the Frye standard, [Frye vs. United States Term Paper

Comparing and contrasting the Frye standard, [Frye vs. United States (293 F. 1013 (DC Cir 1923)], with the Daubert standard [Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (509 U.S. 579 (1993) - Term Paper Example s called â€Å"Fyre in drag.† Problems have come up with this standard, due to the fact that it has led to eyebrows being raised regarding the vitality of the standard and on its flexibility to be able to adjust to different situations and fresh and new scientific matters, where "general" or "widespread" approval is not gathered. Conversely, whether fresh or new, supposedly scientific matters are issues of significance to the court have been quizzed. As a substitute to this standard, many law courts apply Rule 702 of the  Federal Rules of Evidence, as the basis for professional testimony and scientific evidence. In my essay I will provide an explanation of how courts view science and how that view has changed over the last century. I will make also make a prediction of future evidentiary issues for forensic evidence and explain whether forensic evidence in criminal investigations and trials will increase or decrease over the next two decades.   Jason Daubert and Eric Schuller were born with abnormal birth problems that relate to the physicality of the body. Both them together with their real parents had decided to take legal action against Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc, which is a branch of Dow Chemical Company, which is solely situated in some state court in the state of California in the United states of America, They believed that a specific drug in the name of Bendectin had caused the birth abnormalities. Merrell Dow thus transferred the case to federal court, and then made the move for Summary judgment owing to the fact that their legal committee submitted records indicating that no published scientific research and experimentation pointed out a connection between Bendectin and birth abnormalities. Daubert and Schuller, forwarded their professional evidence formulated by themselves which postulated that Bendectin might cause abnormalities resulting from the birth process. In the case in the year 1923, Frye vs united states, 293 F1013(D.C Cir 1923), the

Thomas Paine's theory (in Common Sense) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Paine's theory (in Common Sense) - Essay Example Conversely, the government refers to an institution with a sole purpose of protecting the people from their own vices. The originality of the government can be traced to man’s evil. In this case, government is a needed evil to man. Apparently, the sole purpose of the government is the protection of life, property and liberty. Therefore, the judgment to a government should be based on its ability to fulfill this goal (Wilensky, 2010). Paine uses several imageries to pass his point. He considers a scenario in which some people are isolated in some island from where they are very detached from the rest of the rest of the society. With time with people will have to develop relations with one another and make laws that govern them. According to Paine, when persons are allowed to make their own laws, they will become much better off. This is because they pride of assuming responsibilities for the creation of their laws. He sees this as the best way for the American colonists to use. Therefore, the British reign over America and the whole system of government of Britain is a total flaw. The system used by the British to run their government is full of complexities and contradictions. Although, it claims to provide a reason system of the government, the British system is impractically wrong (Paine, 1995). Paine is also concerned with hereditary succession and monarchy notions. Naturally, man was born as equals and therefore such distinctions that occur between a king and a subject are unnatural. Although the world was created without kings, the ancient Jews insisted to have a king. Paine argues that God did not approve to this but just allowed them to have kings. Later on, God descended his wrath on the Jews because of their insistence on having a king. Paine therefore opines that monarchy as an institution has its origin from sin that is condemned by both the Bible and God. He goes ahead to condemn hereditary succession by arguing that even with the decision of having a king, the child of the king has no legitimate authority of becoming a future ruler. Hereditary progression has been a source of many evils like civil war, incompetent kings and corruption. Theoretically, America has thrived under the British rule. This makes them mandated to be under the rule of a king. However, the practical reality is that America has since evolved and no longer needs help from the British. Therefore, the claim that Britain protected America and should automatically seek allegiance is false since its mission is majorly to protect its economic interests. In most of Britain’s colonies, the British have been carrying out several attacks. Consequently, they do not deserve any loyalty from America. These attacks leave so little gains to the colonies. According to Paine, America or any other British colony can better do commerce with other countries in the rest of Europe. However, this will require that America first becomes independent. Past problems c annot be solved if colonies continue with their attachments to Britain. The only solution now for America and other British colonies is to seek independence. Otherwise, their problems will continue to persist (Paine & Slaughter, Common Sense and Related Writings, 2001). As a solution to this kind of mess, Paine offered to provide the form of government that can be adapted by

Merchant of venice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Merchant of venice - Essay Example Thus, it can be argued that Shakespeare was not being anti-Semitic when he placed a Jew as a usurer in his play, rather that he was using historical fact as a basis for writing his play. To have written anything else would have been entirely out of historical context. Shakespeare, the greatest dramatist of all time, was not concerned with the issue of anti-Semitism, rather he used the fact that Shylock was a Jew as a tool, through which he was able to explore the issues he wished to discuss in this play – the play, read in this way, is not itself anti-Semitic, rather, it is a play about anti-Semitism, about the similarities and differences one encounters when dealing with people of different religions. Throughout all of Shakespeare’s writing, he uses characters as tools with which to build his story, and entertain his viewers/readers - The Merchant of Venice is no exception to this rule, and so according to this reading of Shakespeare’s motives, this interpretation of the play can be argued to be valid. Shakespeare’s creation of a character as multi-faceted as Shylock is a testament to his skills as a writer – at times we sympathize with Shylock, at times we simply cannot understand his methods or motives; this is because Shakespeare wanted to create a ‘larger than life’ villainous character, who would entertain us through his actions. He is an eternally fascinating character, he keeps us, the viewer/reader, captivated. The fact that Shylock is a Jew is incidental to the drama; Shakespeare wanted to design a character through which he could develop the action of his play, and it is testament to Shakespeare’s skills as a dramatist that he created such a memorable character, that leaves the reader asking so many questions. At times we dislike Shylock, at times we sympathize with the things he is going through; at all times, he arrests us with his depth and his evident selfishness; he is captivating as a

Introduction to European Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to European Studies - Essay Example (Mukherjee, 22) But it should be remembered that the idea of Europe, as we know it today, was still in its infancy dealing in ideologies and fundamentals that are not much different from the rest of the known and civilized world. As late as the beginning of the 1700 AD there were still the practice of feudalism in one form or another, there were states that used bonded labours and encouraged slavery, woman rights were not known and structural academic movements were still at bay. This society needed a thrust to start off. And that thrust was inspired from a political movement in England. The Act of Union was passed in British Council whereby four states, England, Ireland, Scotland and Welsh came together to form a political union know as United Kingdom of Great Britain. Subsequent Act of Union was passed in 1707 and 1800 and this was the point of a growing concept which ultimately is on its way towards a unified European Union in the 21st Century. The perception of a common fiscal policy has been granted by most of the states of Europe and Union of European could be within striking distance. However, this modern concept of unification of states is a step towards a better and mutually prosperous situation but at the same time it should be kept in mind the development of Europe as a concept or idea started with other variables too. (Mukherjee, 81) The concept of Europe as a unified cultural sect started along the path of the 1700s and the basic idea of Europe is that unified perception of thought process bounded by cultural, social, religious and political homogeneousness. There are other variables to develop this homogeneousness of states in Europe whereby the idea could be put forward. Religion One such variable is the growth of Christianity as a binding force. It is obvious that religion played an enormous part as the determining factor of conceptualising the unified idea of Europe. The Eight Crusades were just a beginning of this bonding. Though Christianity has changed face along with time and space and at present there are three major distributaries of the religion viz. Roman Catholic, Protestant and Greek Orthodox it cannot be denied that Christ as a Prophet, despite being Semitic by anthropological diversity, it should be noted and the fact that should indulged in this conception, influenced all the tribes of Europe be it Nordic, Alpine or Caucasian. Although, no one can ignore that during the inquisition period this religion did enough to set back the clock for Europe, at least scientifically. But this same inquisition period can be put forward to ensure the bondage that that spread across Europe with the substantial feel of brotherhood. Political Apart from the Act of Union in Great Britain there came another exemplary act that forced all Europe to reconsider their usual concept of life and perception of politics all at the same time all over Europe. This was the French revolution of the late 18th Century. On 20 September 1792 the National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. Due to the emergency of war the National Convention created the Committee of Public Safety, controlled by the Jacobin Robespierre, to act as the country's executive. Under

Corporate Governance (Shareholder and Stakeholder Capitalism) Essay

Corporate Governance (Shareholder and Stakeholder Capitalism) - Essay Example Consumers have been also found to play a crucial part for ascertaining the orientation of the organisations. For instance, consumers having an inclination to transact with or purchase from organisations that are stakeholder-oriented could in a way make a social order that is based on stakeholders to be obligatory. The growing impact of globalisation has made the access of stakeholder organisations to be increasingly lucrative compared to the degree of access by shareholder organisations in case of every individual society (Allen & et al., 2007). According to a classic review with regard to the subject of corporate governance, it was stated by Shleifer & Vishny (1997) that the notion of corporate governance was a clear-cut viewpoint of the organisations which was at times addressed to be the division existing between control as well as ownership. Corporate governance is also stated to be the way shareholders manage to get back their portion of investments from the managers. In majorit y of the countries, like the US and the UK, this particular idea is accepted to be referred to as corporate governance. ... al., 2007). However, apart from the instances of the UK and the US, the goals of the organisations are stated to have a strong reliance on the structure of the country that is taken into concern. The goal and the intention of the organisations in this respect are frequently found to move away notably from the primary outline of increasing the value of the shareholder to the utmost. As already mentioned earlier, the legal structure applicable in Germany makes the fact quite precise that organisations do not require possessing the only responsibility of following the concern of the shareholders. The Germans are believed to involve and follow the structure of co-determination where the employees as well as the shareholders in big business enterprises are entitled to an equivalent amount of positions on the organisation’s administrative board. This structure entails the mentioned pattern so as to make certain that the concerns of shareholders together with the employees are taken into consideration (Allen & et. al., 2007). In the customary policy of Company Law, it was taken into concern that organisations needed to be controlled to shore up the privileges of the shareholders’ primarily. Behaviours in support of the non-shareholder community, for instance the consumers, overall society, suppliers or the employees could be professed to be an approach of the management of the organisations to amplify its authority along with its personal esteem. The concern of the stakeholders could be comprehended to be opposite of the shareholders’ concern to attain reasonable earnings for the amount invested by them. Corporate governance with the

Mutually Assured Destruction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mutually Assured Destruction - Research Paper Example Their own children fought the first man versus man battle with Abel as the first human casualty. From then onwards, from the Book of Genesis to the Book of Revelation, every chapter exposes the wars human beings have had to win. On the other hand, the theory of evolution paints an even more difficult birth for the human kind. It is survival of the fittest. Perhaps the Homo sapiens specie is indeed the fittest because it had survived the tests of time and nature. Sadly though, we did survive millions of years of evolution only to stand at the brink of total annihilation on our own hands. Apparently, Armageddon would come not through the Beast of the Book of Revelation or through a colliding giant asteroid. Contrary to the prophecies of prophets and filmmakers, the end of days would be brought by the beast of man called nuclear weapon when the interests of the world’s powers collide. Worse, there is no need for a world war three in order for the world to be in chaos. All it need s is a war between two nuclear superpowers and the earth will stand still, or whatever is left of it. War in this day and age is unthinkable but we need to think about it. War in the twenty first century is simply mad. Well, as a matter of fact, it is MAD. This paper shall look into the theory of war called Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and its role in the World War I, World War II and the Cold War. Moreover, this paper shall explore into the future of weapons and war in light of the technological advancements of our time. The MAD Theory When John F. Kennedy took over the reins on January 20, 1961, he declared in his inaugural address: "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we will pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.† Essentially, this was a confirmation that from then onwards, the USSR will never catch up on the mighty USA. The government will do everything in its power and utilize all available resources to ensure that the USA shall remain the world’s guardian of democracy and anyone who chose to disagree and oppose shall feel its power. True to his words, the President brought in Robert McNamara from the business sector to help him pound the competition and ensure its monopoly on world power. And McNamara managed the Department of Defense like he would a multinational company – always with a sharp eye on profit and always calculating the odds with the aid of cost-benefit analysis. The US developed more products that would be a big hit in the world market (read: weapons that would destroy the world). And the business of war was indeed good. President John F. Kennedy’s Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara introduced the world to the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction otherwise known as simply MAD. In his own words: â€Å"Mutual Assured Destruction is the foundation of deterrence†¦ If you want a stable nuclear world†¦ it requires that each side be confident that it can deter the other. And that requires that there be a balance and the balance is the understanding that if either side initiates the use of nuclear weapons, the other side will respond with sufficient power to inflict unacceptable damage. Mutual Assured Destruction. So Mutual Assured Destruction is the foundation of stable deterrence in a nuclear world. It's not mad, it's logical.† (Interview) Robert McNamara is credited with the doctrine of Mutually Assur

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Moreover, to date there still is no research that supports whether the criteria used (if used) by corporate executives, as agents of corporations, is in agreement with the various criteria used by theorists and organizational observers to evaluate and measure corporate performance in the area of social responsibility. This body of research aims at presenting CSR in a new light and will examine its possible correlation with the underlying profitability of a company. For an increasing number of global and multinational corporations, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important aspect of conducting business (Aquilera et al, 2005; Hummels, 2004; Mackey et al, 2005; Peloza, 2005). Despite the continuing debate about its meaning and despite the ongoing criticism of CSR as being enacted purely for self-interest 2005). Some theorists speculate that the recent surge in interest is due to corporations seeking to increase market competitiveness (Mackey, 2005; McWilliams & Seigel, 2001). On the other hand, some theorists recommend that firms adopt CSR because doing so can mitigate risk and can actually improve profitability (Godfrey, 2004). Other theorists advise corporations to engage in "profit-maximizing ethics" (Windsor, 2001). In a 2004 review of CSR for the Journal of C... Because of the impetus to compete profitably, and because firms desire to ease the negative affects of recent corporate scandals, such as ENRON and WorldCom, leaders are trying to understand how to satisfy both shareholders and stakeholders. Background of the Study Corporate Social Responsibility is not a new concept; in fact, it has a relatively long history. The North American culture has seen several waves of interest in CSR over the past 50 years. In each wave of interest, there appears to have been a continuation of both the interest in its value (to society and to business) and in CSR's inherent problems (Hummels, 2004). Over the years, organizational observers have noted the problems with CSR and describe them as conceptual vagueness, lack of understanding about which operational mechanisms to use, cost benefit, and the lack of an agreed upon moral foundation (Frederick, 1986, 1994; Hummels, 2004; Porter, 2003). There are several debates raging currently concerning corporate social responsibility. One concerns the issue of, what is referred to as, the "one-size-fits-all" problem. Several writers have stated that it is impractical to assume that one definition and one set of CSR operating principles could satisfy all needs across industries, nations, cultures, and organizations (Banerjee, 2001; Gobbels 2002). Another fundamental debate concerns business priorities; from this perspective, we have the debate about the fundamental purpose of business and to whom any corporation should serve the highest allegiance: the shareholder or the various stakeholders (van Marrewijk, 2003). In the past five years, there has been an intriguing appearance of actual research conducted concerning CSR in use. The attempt to move beyond the

Marketing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Model - Essay Example There is also a need of having knowledge and understanding on the consumer’s behavior and their motivation for buying the products under consideration. Other areas of knowledge are the customer’s preferences and awareness concerning the product under consideration. On this basis, there is a need of integrating all these strategies for purposes of achieving efficiency in marketing (Rosenbloom, 2013). On this basis, the functions of marketing in the 21st century is integrating the wants and needs of customers to the other functions of the organization such as finance, Research and Development, production and personnel. On this basis, in the 21st century, marketing alone does not hold the success of the organization. This also applies to the other functions of the organization. However, it is the role of marketing to integrate the functions of different departments for purposes of promoting the goals and objectives of the business organization (Kotler, 2010). An example of a company that failed to integrate all its departments is Urea, a fertilizer manufacturing company. The company recently found itself in a stiff completion from foreign and local companies producing similar products. However, the company did not concern itself with improving its prices, quality of the products, its packaging and selling strategies. The marketing department and other departments of the organization worked separately, and at crossroads. This led to the loss of its market share to its various competitors. On this basis, there was a need of the management of Urea to define its marketing strategies, and give it the integrative role (Sheehan, 2011). This would help the company to regain its market share, and achieve profitability. From the above example, we can denote that effective marketing will lead to the profitability of a business organization (Rosenbloom, 2013). However, other functions of the organization such

Which Research Design I Can Use in My Profession Paper

Which Design I Can Use in My Profession - Research Paper Example Currently, scholars are using the design to measure student s’ performance based on other learning disabilities and language level of understanding (Hattie, 2012). This design is mainly used by educationists in matters of education disparities among people within a given community. One significant factor to put into consideration when describing gaps in education is the level education benchmarks. As stated in the Education Week, several communities have not been able to solve these gaps in education brought because of race of economic status, racial discrimination, teacher’s professional competence, and learners’ intellectual backgrounds (Hattie, 2012). This disparity has been found to exist between children in early childhood schools, secondary schools, and even in the eighth grade in middle schools (Clotfelter, Helen and Jacob, 2009). Some of the recommendations made to reduce the achievement gap between students include reduced class sizes, developing small learning environments that teachers can easily handle, developing comprehensive early childhood programs, taking teachers for in service training and raising academic standards for all students (Johnson, 2002). All these recommendations can only be achieved through use of information obtained using the achievement gap design. It is important to look at information obtained in terms of evaluating studies from the academic literature that can be used to bridge the gap (Hattie, 2012). This is important because it produces information obtained from comprehensive research conducted by education experts. Schools can also use the information obtained to solve problems that generate the achievement gaps within the schools. Finally, the information obtained can be used to evaluate students’ performance. It is through the information that teachers can know how t o handle students in the classroom (Hattie, 2012). This

Entrepreneurs at Twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entrepreneurs at Twitter - Essay Example nalysts started arguing that the company lacks a sustainable future and many were of the opinion that Twitter does not have an efficient marketing strategy. This report has aimed analysing Twitter’s past and present records to map out its journey. Subsequently, its marketing strategy – which is largely undefined – has been evaluated and the future strategies have been recommended. The capability of Twitter to earn profits has also been touched upon while analysing how the company may capitalise on its popularity. Finally, an action plan has been recommended. The current topic necessitates an analysis of the business case of the popular microblogging service called Twitter. Headquartered in San Francisco, the organisation had commenced it business in 2006. It had an almost instantaneous success because of the fact that it shares numerous characteristics with most of the commonly used communication tools such as â€Å"email, IM, texting, blogging, RSS, social networks and so forth† (O’Reilly & Milstein, 2009, p.7). However, the uniqueness of this service lies in the fact that messages that are sent and received on it â€Å"are no more than 140 characters, or about the length of a news headline† (O’Reilly & Milstein, 2009, p.7), and hence, they can be easily read as well as written. Owing to the speed at which information is shared through it, it has been argued that companies must be present on Twitter as it is an invaluable platform that helps in bootstrapping marketing activities. On a more precise note, with Twitter, companies (especially start-ups and SMEs) â€Å"can help their search engine rankings and website traffic† (Thomases, 2010, p.90). In the light of the immense business potential that Twitter is capable to offer, this case analysis will aim at evaluating its current situation and part record. Simultaneously, attempts will be made to comprehend the marketing strategy of Twitter in order to recommend future strategies. In addition to these,

Modern Germany in the span 1648 to the present day Term Paper

Modern Germany in the span 1648 to the present day - Term Paper Example Germany in dealing with its enemies to win a war makes them be the hammers as opposed to the Anvil. For example when France declares war in 1870, the Germans reluctantly places their army under the command of the Prussian King, this act is purely seen as a German cause (Heath pg. 78). After the victory of the war in sedan, Germany achieves unification and in November, the same year a deal is struck resulting into a single state under the Prussian leadership. In the arrangement, William I is extremely reluctant to accept the title of emperor of which Bismarck later convinces him and he proclaims the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles and his s the symbol of French power and Triumphalism. The occurrences of this period are just a form of strategy as later an added twist of the knife comes in when victory is imposed by Bismarck of the Prussian troops through the streets and Germany becomes the hammer once more (Taylor pg. 76-9). The ancient German Reich gets reconstituted into a modern, comp act, national form in which the Reichstag comes back as a form of parliament. A meeting is held in Berlin of all the delegates elected all over the new nation. The Reichstag at this stage is only a legislative body that command very little control over the executive arm of the government. this makes Bismarck be the executive himself more than ever before and by an extent qualifies him as the first imperial chancellor. He commands the whole of the German empire that consists of 4 kingdoms, 5 grand duchies, 13 duchies, principalities and other free cities. This period marks the unification of Germany into a nation of federal in nature and with a strong central control making the story of Prussia be that of Germany (Heath pg. 128). Concisely, this is he period in German History where the country experiences a rise in nationalism in the face of Napoleon’s Conquest. Thereafter, Germany became united under the auspice of Prussia where Australia is left out. The country prospers fur ther through the growth in agricultural sector and an end to serfdom; such developments are followed by a growth of industry and railroads (Taylor pg. 224). The next face in the history of Germany is the duration between 1890 and 1945, which begins by the signing of the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, which made Germany gain control of a strategic Island near its main seaports and gained agreement on its colonial holdings in Africa (Solsten pg. 59). This saw Germany turn its colony, Zanzibar to Britain. It is within the same period that the Rudolf Diesel engine is invented as well as the Kruger telegram sent. For the better part of he century after Bismarck’s fall, a political paralysis is realized in Germany as a result of the political system that he left in place. This is largely attributed to the lack of reforms that existed between the democratic Reichstag, the parliament of the new united Germany, which came in place through an election by universal suffrage, in the mix, is also the parliaments of the individual states (Heath pg. 223). Bernhard Von Bulow, the new Reich Chancellor announces the second proposal for a German fleet in which he expresses his belief on an expansionist German foreign policy. This is because he believed that political expansion was necessary for the sole reason of protecting Germany from other powers. He metaphorically uses, â€Å"the hammer and anvil, phrase as he speaks to his fellow citizens (Taylor pg. 72).

Disaster Recovery Plan (Information Systems) Term Paper

Disaster Recovery Plan (Information Systems) - Term Paper Example Troubleshooting Plan’ hardly needs any over emphasis; particularly, when confronted with serious I T system problems which have the potential of bringing the entire operations to a grinding halt – a virtual disaster, which any organization can ill afford. The ultimate aim of this project is to protect the principal business functions and assets, and suggest a back up strategy to successfully bail out AU in the event of disasters. The project shall attempt to examine all the relevant issues connected with identifying all the assets of AU and the risks associated with them, together with their linkages in relation to a wide variety of likely disasters, concluding with the assembling of a disaster recovery team. This effort at compilation of a dynamic Disaster Recovery Plan is to address the pertinent issues by utilizing the famed â€Å"5 W’s & H ïÆ'   What, Where, Which, When, Who and How† approach, by providing convincing answers to the six core questions spread out in the six sections that follow! In an ever changing world, organizations should be wary of natural or manmade disasters that could disrupt business processes. Loss of customers apart, millions of dollars could go down the drain and never recovered if business processes are disrupted and IT systems do not recover fast enough to normalcy within the optimum response time. The Business Continuity Plan is intended to resume business processes whereas the restoration of the IT systems is by the Disaster Recovery Plan. The objective of the latter is to restore the operability of systems that support mission-critical and critical business processes to normal operation in the quickest time possible. Business continuity plan is an amalgam of the business resumption plan, incumbent emergency plan, incident management plan, continuity of operations plan, and disaster recovery plan, all rolled into one. The following treatise presents an overview of a disaster management recovery exercise. An asset is

Comparing Classic Folktales Essay Example for Free

Comparing Classic Folktales Essay Before reading and writing were common practice; history was told in the form of legend; fiction was told in the form of myth; and lessons about life were taught to children through folktales and fables. Folktales not only served a role in teaching children, but often helped define the common themes of life in general for that particular culture. Most folktales have a specific message which they try to portray through symbolism, writing style, and plot. Many folktales from different cultures are very similar and present the same main ideas and messages. Today folktales are popular mostly as a way of teaching morals and life lessons. They are often compilations, or illustrated books made for children. Two popular folktales that are very similar are, Frans Timmerman’s, â€Å"The Frog and the Fox† and a story we all know, originally from the book, Aesop’s Fables, â€Å"The Tortoise and the Hare†. In the folktale, â€Å"The Tortoise and the Hare† Aesop masterfully demonstrates what we all consider to be a classic folktale. The story begins with a hare who makes boastful claims about how swift he is, and how no animals could run faster than he could. The hare teases a tortoise for his slowness; the tortoise, annoyed by the hare’s claims, agrees to a race that they plan the next day. The next morning the hare comes to the race half asleep and unprepared. Hare sees how slow tortoise is and decides to take a nap. When he awakes, he notices tortoise is only one third of the way through the course, and decides to have a quick breakfast. The meal made hare sleepy and seeing tortoise was not yet half done with the course, hare decided to take another quick nap. The hare oversleeps and tortoise wins the race against the boastful, overconfident hare. Aesop’s story can be related to by people all over the world and many cultures have adopted the story. Today it is pu blished in over thirty languages, and sells in bookstores worldwide. A lesser known American writer named Frans Timmerman has a remarkably similar story that was published in 1911. The story is about a frog, he is in the jungle minding his own business when a fox passes by. The fox makes fun of the frog because he is such a strange specimen; she asks how frog is able to move about with one long pair of legs, and one short one. The fox is very amused when frog tells her that he is the fastest frog in the whole jungle. The fox is almost insulted when frog thinks he can beat her in a race, and begins to boast about her speed and running skills. They plan to have the race the next day, and set up a course through the jungle. The next day the frog and the fox meet with a friend, duck, and get ready to race. When the race begins frog jumps onto the tail of fox and holds on while fox sprints as fast as she can. Fox does not notice the small frog on her tail and already believes she has won the race. As fox approaches the finish line, frog makes a mighty leap onto her back, and then across the finish line, just before fox makes it across. Fox says frog didn’t win but duck, as the referee, claims frog to be the winner as he had barely passed the finish line first. At the end fox accepts that she was outsmarted and realizes that her overconfidence was the root of her downfall. This story is not identical to the story in Aesop’s Fables, but has many of the same characteristics, as well as a similar overall message and symbolic meaning. Historians agree that Aesop’s Fables was written around 500 B.C. by a slave living in Greece. It was originally written in Greek; European versions were not printed until the early 1800’s. English versions were printed in the 1900’s, and it is likely this book was at least one inspiration to Frans Timmerman’s work. Timmerman’s book was released in 1911 just a few short years after English prints of Aesop’s Fables were available in the United States. Each story shares similar characteristics in plot, style, technique, and symbolism, but there are also more superficial similarities and differences. In both stories the authors choose to use animals as a form of symbolism to tell their story. Animals are commonly used as characters in folktale; however, the animals each author decides to use are very specific. Each author chooses animals that have traits and characteristics that are familiar to most people, regardless of age or education level. In Aesop’s folktale the animals used are a tortoise and a hare. In Timmerman’s story the animals used are a frog and a fox. When people think of a tortoise they generally have images of a very slow moving land creature. Similarly Timmerman’s character frog brings thoughts of a water dwelling species, clumsy and slow on land. The same idea spreads to the fox and the hare; both are considered to be quick and cunning species and the authors use them in this light. It is likely these animals were common where each story was written. These animals also share similar more transparent symbolic meaning. Although time, and simple cultural differences likely led to the different characters and context of the stories, they still share many similar traits in there symbolism and morals. Because the symbolism is easily identified, and the message is easily related to, nearly all people can apply this story to life. It is easy to see how nearly every culture has embraced a version of this story, or come up with a similar version of their own. Today Aesop’s Fables is printed in 31 languages. The tortoise is symbolic in Aesop’s story for a wise, slow moving, dedicated creature. He uses the tortoise to help portray the message that â€Å"slow and steady† can persevere over an overconfident, boastful opponent. Likewise, Timmerman chooses to use a frog, which sometimes symbolizes the same things as the tortoise in folktales and fables. A frog additionally represents transformation. The frog is shown in his story to be very intelligent and the message is that you can overcome a problem even when the odds are against you if you use your head. By using his intelligence he defeats the overconfident, boastful opponent. Timmerman decides to use a fox in his story as a quick, overconfident, somewhat ignorant character. He portrays the fox in this way as a symbol for this type of person, whom everyone has encountered at some point in their lives. Aesop similarly chooses a hare and uses the same technique of making the hare somewhat ignorant and cocky. Using this writing style effectively makes the fox and the hare the antagonist in the story without specifically portraying them as a â€Å"bad guy†. They further this technique by having these characters use condescending dialogue in the beginning of the story. Despite the two authors cultural differences, the human qualities of the characters are nearly portrayed identically. The writing style, and technique used by the authors helps us to identify with the characters. It also helps us identify personally with the plot. Both stories have plots that follow the same basic ideas. One animal is different physically from another, so naturally that animal thinks that he is superior the superior creature. They use animals that everyone would consider to be the obvious winners and losers in a race. They portray the animals in a unique way that gives them human qualities that we are familiar with. The underdog is considered the protagonist in these fables and both authors portray them as likely losers in a physical challenge. However, as the story unfolds the obvious winners change due to the negative human qualities the antagonists possess. The messages of the stories are both related to perseverance, and that sometimes being conceded and boastful about your skills can end in disaster. There is also the message that one should not judge others simply by how they look. There are many other interpretations of this story as well, and this just scratches the surface of the symbolism in the two folktales. The messages of the two stories are values that everyone can apply to their daily lives. When the stories reach their conclusions the readers are left with many options on how they choose to interpret the message. The theme of both stories are the same, however the differences allow them to be interpreted many ways. It is mostly agreed upon by literature experts that the message in â€Å"The Tortoise and the Hare† is that slow and steady wins the race, and taking your time to do things right the first time is worth it. The message in â€Å"The Fox and the Frog† the message is that it is sometimes better to work smarter, not harder. Both stories share the message that judging others by their appearance is not an intelligent thing to do. They also share the idea that being boastful and conceded can end in embarrassment.

Quran Essay Essay Example for Free

Quran Essay Essay Among the innumerable facts, this writing will contribute two facts only: First, the Quran contains many scientific facts that are only being found out recently. The Quran’s linguistic style is far superior then any other form of writing. Without a doubt men have negated and contested the truth and revelation from God including the Quran revealed to prophet Mohamed (sallahu alahi wa salaam). For that reason, men in their objection and adamant behavior suggested that the Quran is word of Mohamed or the Quran is created by Mohamed; such statement is away from the truth. Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Quran related to human development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge increases. † In the Quran, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) also speaks about the Cerebrum: ( ) ( ) (Nay! If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forelock (the front part of the brain also known as the prefrontal lobe) (15) A lying, sinful forelock! (96:15-16) Why does Allah describe the front part of the brain to be lying and sinful? In recent research scientists have found out that the prefrontal lobe actually controls a person’s decision making, cognitive behavior, personality expression, and moderating social behavior (Yang, Y Prefrontal structure†¦). This part of the brain also deals with the creation of thoughts and actions (Miller, Earl the prefrontal cortex†¦). This shows that the prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain that may engage in sinful behavior and entices someone to lie or not. This also shows that the Quran does confirm scientific facts and there is no way an unlettered nomadic Arab man[5] in the 7th century could have known these facts. The pagan Arabs of the 7th century were for the most part isolated from the two great empires[6] at that time. The two empires did not waste their time in conquering the vast Arabian deserts because of its plain and unattractive look. The Arabs had nothing, they didn’t have any monuments, and they didn’t have masterful pieces of art. Therefore the Arabs of Mecca[7] were not much of a concern to the two empires; as well the two empires were not willing to send their forces through the dangerous deserts. Thanks to this isolation, the Arabs were able to refine their language. After a few centuries, the Arabs had shaped their language into an eloquent language where everyman was known to be a poet. The Arabs prided themselves on their language. So much so, they would have tribal battles not with swords but rather their tongues and the losing tribe would be shamed. The pagan Arabs marveled at the amazing speech of the Quran. When a person speaks he is able to organize his thoughts, but a person is incapable of organizing their words based on what they are going to say later . For example, there are two ayahs that are very much the same one ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough as a witness between me and you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The other ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough between me and you as a witness † The difference is sequence, in the first ayah Allah says â€Å"witness† first, and â€Å"me and you’ later. The Quran is very sensitive to context, at the end of the first ayah Allah says â€Å"†¦he is the ever all knower, all seer of his slaves†. The ayah ends speaking about Allah, the word â€Å"witness† for Allah is used first so therefore the ayah begins with Allah and ends with Allah. While the second ayah ends with speaking about people it uses â€Å"between me and you† first then â€Å"witness† second. So the ayah begins with speaking about people and ends with speaking with people. So what is about to be said in the future has a direct influence on how words are organized before. Humans are unable to do that. Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) was never known to be a composer of any types of poetry or any other forms of literature. So when they heard this literature they were amazed. â€Å"Umar bin Al-Khattab was a great enemy of the prophet. He planned to kill the prophet, but on his way he was informed that his sister had joined the religion. He immediately changed course. Upon arrival he hit his sister. He regretted what he did so asked for the paper she was reading (containing ayahs of the Quran). Once he read it he immediately went to prophet (sallahu alahi wa salaam) and accepted Islam†. Umar bin Al-Khattab was a man that was amazed by the Quran’s linguistic style and its strong meaning. This is one of the many men who accepted Islam because of the Quran’s amazing speech. The famous Arab grammarian H. Gibb had this to say about the Quran: â€Å"As a literary monument the Koran (referring to the Quran) thus stands by itself, a production unique to the Arabic literature, having neither forerunners nor successors in its own idiom. Muslims of all ages are united in proclaiming the inimitability not only of its contents but also of its style†¦ and in forcing the High Arabic idiom into the expression of new ranges of thought the Koran develops a bold and strikingly effective rhetorical prose in which all the resources of syntactical modulation are exploited with great freedom and originality. John Penrice stated: â€Å"That a competent knowledge of the Koran is indispensable as an introduction to the study of Arabic literature will be admitted by all who have advanced beyond the rudiments of the language. From the purity of its style and elegance of its diction it has come to be considered as the standard of Arabic † These two men have an understanding of the linguistic exc ellence of the Quran. Allah says: Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein many contradictions. (Quran 04:82). The Quran contains many palindromes; palindromes in many languages can only be done with one word. For example, in the English language the word Race Car can be written the same backward. In the Quran there are entire sentences that are palindromes. For example, in the Quran, Allah says: ( ) Magnify your Lord (Allah)! (Quran 74:3) In conclusion, the Quran has impacted the world in many ways. The Quran was not only sent to the desert Arabs but rather it was sent to all of mankind. Allah sends out a challenge, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) says: ( ) â€Å"And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i. e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him), then produce a Surah of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful. † (Quran 2:23) The Quran is a revelation from Allah and it was revealed upon the tongue of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam). The Quran contains many scientific facts ranging from embryology to the purpose of the frontal lobe. All of this presented in a beautiful linguistic form, so much so when the Quran is translated into English, the language’s primitive level is unable to display the Quran’s linguistic beauty. This renders the English native unable to appreciate the Quran in a way the pagan Arabs of the 7th century were able. The Quran reaches the top level of eloquence in the Arabic language as well as other languages. The idea of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) being able to go from being a unlettered man to the top author in the Arabic language is impossible on all plains of reality. Therefore, the only logical reason to say is that Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) has received revelation from the Almighty. QURAN: A REVELATION? Name: Harun O. G Course: GLE20 Teacher: Ms. Vacar Date: April 09, 2011 1]sallahu alahi wasalm means peace be upon him [2] Allah is the Arabic word for God and is preferred(to Muslims) [3] subhanahu wa tala means glorified and exalted be he(Allah) [4] Ayat: this is the plural version of Ayah, this word does not have a direct translation in English but the closest one is verse. In other places in the Quran ayah means signs. [5] According to sources Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wasalm) was a illiterate man [6] Persian and Roman empire [7] Is found in Saudi Arabia and is th e holiest city for Muslims

Bakhara marketplace Essay Example for Free

Bakhara marketplace Essay Siad Barre’s rule was oppressive and divisive. Once an intelligence officer of the Italian fascists, he pitted clans against each other as a diversion from his decreasing popularity. Due to the strategic location of Somalia at the entrance to the Red Sea, it became of interest to both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. By 1966 Soviet Union became a supporter of Somalia and this would go on for 10 years. It supplied the country millions worth of arms and military equipment. But a territorial conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia in 1977 over the annexation of the Ogaden region of Ethiopia which is believed to be part of Greater Somalia saw a shift of support by the Soviet Union to Ethiopia which strained the relationship of the two countries. Siad Barre renounced their Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, expelled all Soviet advisers, and ejected all Soviet personnel from Somalia. Barre then switched alliance with the United States. It supplied him with a total of $154 million worth of weapons and military equipment from 1981-1991. In this decade, Somalia descended into chaos with the continued warring clans. An insurgent group formed by the Hawieyah clan, the United Somali Congress, ousted Siad Barre from power in January 1991. Internal disputes led to a power vacuum and Somalia plunged into civil war. Two different faction leaders within the United Somali Congress announced their claims to power: Ali Mahdi Mohammed and Mohammed Farah Aidid. â€Å"It was this war, coupled with bad harvests, which led to the horrifying scenes of starvation that were televised around the world in 1992. By the end of 1992 about 350,000 Somalis had died. Another 1. 5 million, close to one-fourth of the remaining population, were thought to be in danger of starvation without massive food aid. â€Å" Somalia’s plight attracted international food aid. The United Nations launched Operation Provide Relief (UNOSOM – I) in August 1992 for Somalia. But the mission failed in their objective because food and supplies were often stolen and utilized as leverage for securing loyalty from clan leaders while almost three hundred thousand Somalis died of starvation. In December 1992, responding to the United Nations’ call for assistance, President George Bush obtained an approval from the U. N. that the United States combat troops lead an intervention force to Somalia. This was the famous Operation Restore Hope whose initial objective was to secure trade routes in Somalia so food could get to the people. The deployed troops would be sent home in time for then President Bill Clinton’s inauguration. Shortly upon his assumption of office, President Clinton intended to trim down U. S. troops in Somalia to be substituted by the United Nations peacekeeping troops. UNOSOM II was launched in March 1993 to restore order, improve infrastructure, and to help set up a representative government as part of its â€Å"nation building† mission in Somalia. During the inspection of Somali weapons storage site on June 5, 1993, 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed and it was believed that Aidid was responsible. The hunt for Aidid followed. Several military operations were done from June 12 to 16 in relation to Aidid’s capture including bombing a house in the capital, Mogadishu, where clan leaders were gathering. Four Western journalists investigated the scene but were beaten to their deaths by Somalis. By August 1993, four U. S. military police were killed and six soldiers were wounded. Then Task Force Ranger consisted of 440 elite troops from Delta Force led by General William Garrison flew into Mogadishu with the mission to capture Aidid. On that fateful October 3, 1993 the group raided the Olympia Hotel in Mogadishu. What followed was a seventeen-hour urban battle where eighteen U. S. soldiers were killed and eighty-four were wounded. Unfortunately, the Olympia Hotel was located east of the crowded Bakhara marketplace. Hundreds of Somalis were part of the casualties. However, the mission led to the capture of three important Aidid senior officers and about twenty Aidid supporters hiding within. News stories flashed and printed by the international media showed â€Å"chilling pictures of dead and captured Americans†, â€Å"television footage on CNN showed a frightened, wounded Blackhawk helicopter pilot†¦under interrogation by his Somali captors†, â€Å"Somalis watching as the body of an unidentified American was dragged through the streets at the end of a rope. †

Customer Service Essay Example for Free

Customer Service Essay 1. The key concepts and topics in this course that have made me a stronger candidate to continue in the business world would be what I have learned from the units dealing with: Diversity, Customer Behavior, Customer Loyalty, and Exceptional Service: I have learned that customer comments, good or bad should always be taken into consideration, addressed and handled appropriately. Comments can provide insight to the thought process of the customer and it could help improve not only the customer service department but the product as well. The success of a company relies on the customer. Relationship Building and Solving Customer Problems: Satisfied customers will remain customers until there is a better option offered to them. Loyal customers establish an emotional connection with a business and/or company. Their loyalty is motivated by their experience with the products and the service. Customer service is what a company or business provides; customer loyalty is the result of the service. Extraordinary approaches to customer service is to go beyond the customer’s satisfaction, and make every attempt to surpass the customer’s expectations every time. A company earns customer loyalty by molding the shopping experience to the needs of the customer. Customers have a tendency to patronize companies that interactive with them in a positive, meaningful, personal manner. Many companies offer their customers loyalty programs such as; reward programs. This method can ensure a company keeps their current customer base and entices possible new customers. The Impact of Communication Styles on Customer Services:  A business cannot afford to lose customers because of a lack of customer service, but many do. Customers remember how they are treated and pass the word along, good or bad. Once a customer has been treated poorly they are likely not to return to buy from that business again, even if that business has what they need. When customers are satisfied, it is probable that they will spend more on the product or service and keep returning to that business. Customer service representatives (CSRs) play a big role in keeping, and bringing customers to a business. That is why it is essential to train customer service representatives in effective communications styles and skills because they are the liaison between the customer and the business. The CSR’s communication skills can impact the decision of a customer’s loyalty and the right communication style can be helpful in avoiding conflicts. Communication styles are methods in which a particular individual converses with another individual. Great service requires effective communication styles, and skills. Having a combination of these elements will guarantee that the right message is conveyed in a way that ensures the customer receives and understands it correctly and as intended. 2. Discuss how this course has affected you in your professional development as a student and as a person as well as encouraging you on your academic path. This was a very beneficial, educational and informative class. I have chosen the legal  field, more specifically, paralegal studies. I currently work for a bankruptcy law firm and I have learned a great deal since I have been employed there. I have 30 plus years work experience and a great work ethic. With what I have learned in this class, my work ethic, and common sense, I believe I will be successful as a paralegal. I have learned the importance of maintaining professionalism. This class has reinforced my desire to continue in the legal field and has helped me in interacting with clients, co-workers and the attorneys I currently work with. My skills in listening, communicating, observing and relationship building have improved by taking this class. I would recommend a class in customer service, regardless of the professional field one decides to enter into. I believe it would be very insightful and valuable.

The Sale Of Burmah Castrol To Bp Amoco Commerce Essay

The Sale Of Burmah Castrol To Bp Amoco Commerce Essay This case study focuses on the detailed analysis of business environment, resources of the organisation, organisational structure and corporate parenting of sale of Burmah Castrol to BP Amoco case. This case study identifies different methodology of why Burmah Castrol sells its plants to BP Amoco. The Burmah Oil Company was founded in 1886 by Scottish entrepreneurs interested in exploiting newly found oil deposits in Burma. Burmah held a major shareholding in BP right through until the early 1970s. Indeed, after a long period operating effectively as an inter- mediate holding company for BP shares, the management of Burmah in the 1960s used the value of the shares as collateral to embark on an ambitious plan to turn Burmah into both a fully integrated oil company and a substantial conglomerate group. This analysis will contain a layout which will examine Burmah Castrol performance and their ultimate consequences through a step by step approach. An introduction has been given on Burmah Castrol sale to BP Amoco, a detailed analysis on performance gap such as goals and objectives, leadership, culture, organisational structure, corporate parenting, business environment of the company. Under each structural reform there in an explanation on what lead Burmah to sell it plants to BP Amoco, what are the characteristics of each structure and what lead to its failure. After the critical analysis of structure I will be mentioning the critical issue at Sony. In order to justify my argument I will be using strategic management models and theories such as, 5 forces model, GAP analysis, 7S matrix, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, corporate parenting, value chain analysis and finally triple loop learning method. A separate segment of this report will target on answering the question is Castrol a growing company, and recommendation that have to be considered by them. After concluding the analysis I will deliver my recommendation for BP and it will be followed by a suggestion suggested for BP Amoco to buy Burmah Castrol. Finally an action plan is developed for what has to be done by the companies where I have concentrated on three main aspects, namely, marketing, structural reforms and cost effectiveness of the company. Critical issues The Burmah Oil Company is a Scottish entrepreneur company founded in 1886 with interested in exploiting newly found oil deposits in Burma. On establishing success was followed by a milestone investment in an exploration concession across a substantial area of Iran acquired from the Shah. Indeed, after a long period operating effectively as an inter- mediate holding company for BP shares, the management of Burmah in the 1960s used the value of the shares as collateral to embark on an ambitious plan to turn Burmah into both a fully integrated oil company and a substantial conglomerate group. The management ay Castrol are with skills in spotting both good managers and sound investment opportunities: the combination would enable all the Groups businesses to prosper and grow. There was sufficient similarity in terms of key factors for success between Castrol and the Chemicals businesses to enable senior management to add value across the portfolio. At late 80s there was an uncertainty, about where the Group was headed over the medium to long run. This has led them to search for moves that might provide such balance. The opportunity arose from Foseco after taking over its management; due to its depressed share price. There were also other issues to sort out in the Chemicals businesses where some were underperforming: work needed to be done to improve their overall operating efficiency. That was a task that was successfully set about and delivered: signi ¬Ã‚ cantly improved ratios were achieved through cost cutting and effective focus. In mid 1990s Burmah Castrol consisted of Castrol, blending and marketing lubricants; and Chemicals with a residual Fuels retailing business effectively the final relic of the past which was in the process of being sold off. The strategic review identi ¬Ã‚ ed an underlying theme of industrial marketing and quality service as the core competences of the successful chemicals businesses. ( Appendix 1) Castrols 75 per cent of its total profit came from passenger car engine oil business, faced the prospect of more efficient engines requiring longer and longer gaps between oil changes; and therefore of potential long-term volume decline. It has many strengths and weakness with is explained in appendix 2. In 1996, they had a difficult in North America after a run of consistently good volume and pro ¬Ã‚ t growth; and simultaneously we started to develop worries about long-run developments in the passenger car engine oil business in Europe. A problem was that some of the areas of business were suffering because of the dominant culture of the passenger car engine oil business. Castrol share price reached  £10 in the early 1990s and hadnt really moved from that level. It moved to  £13 at one point and down to  £7 at another, but these were the extremes of a dull range. Having split out the industrial business from the passenger car engine oil business, it further highlighted, for example, that there might be more similarities between the industrial lubricants business and the foundry chemicals business than there were between. Castrol its brand and marketing culture would represent a great prize to a number of the major oil companies because of economies of scale and the broader coverage of the lubricants market that it would provide. At a point they had some lack of belief internally, lack of belief externally and a possibly time-limited opportunity as a result of oil industry consolidation. In addition, one of their non-executives argued consistently at board meetings that there was indeed a time-limited opportunity to release value to shareholders. Therefore the critical issue is that Castrol should build up a model which is compatible with environmental changes in the shorter and the long run. Critical evaluation In strategic analysis it is important for Castrol to identify the current environment which the oil industry operates. In mid 1990s Burmah Castrol consisted of Castrol, blending and marketing lubricants; and Chemicals with a residual Fuels retailing business effectively the final relic of the past which was in the process of being sold off. The rapid fall in the sales revenue and the profitability of the Castrol due to poor management and severe competitions the management of the Castrol have been planning to restructure its business. They had a major drawback in management as they had some lack of belief internally, lack of belief externally and a possibly time-limited opportunity as a result of oil industry consolidation. Castrol must plan to face the rivalry and threat from other competitors such as BP which is one of the main competitors to Toyota. The bargaining power of the buyers can be reduced if the supplies of Castrol product are low. So Castrol should have strategy to maintain demand since it was the time of recession. The bargaining power of suppliers can be adjusted by having competitive buying from different suppliers of good needed for oil industries. (Refer appendix 3) During the financial year 1995-1999 the Castrol Corporation spent a massive amount to maintain its position in this competitive market spending more than 1000 million euro on restructuring of its strategy. However in 1999 the profit has decline largely comparing to previous year due to high interest payment and long term creditors to the company. The Castrol is facing many political, economical issues and mostly threats from American and Dubai oil industry with create a major uncertainly of Castrol survival in the market. Castrol environment has been analgised using PEST (Refer appendix 4). Castrol is in an uncertainty position to maintain price stability by differentiation of its own from others. Being close to the customers has also allowed them to segment the market effectively. Castrol adopted an organisational structure that was significantly different from a traditional approach to reflect the new business environment in the mid 1997s. Unlike the structure of many modern structure oil companies they have adapted to their traditional approach because of it convenience. The Tim Steven at the companys level holds a position as the CEO of Board of Directors, and the manager was in charge of all other functions at Castrol. All functional heads at Castrol also hold the position of party secretary at that function. These, to a great degree, facilitate the coordination between the CEO and management at Castrol, particularly at the functional level. (Refer appendix 5) Competitor analysis The oil industry is boiling over with changes. Deregulation, new opportunities in foreign fields and markets and environmental challenges are rushing together head-on to shape the energy and utilities business of the future. Castrol is facing threats from many foreign competitors producing vehicle oil. And whilst they have been very successful in developing world position, particularly in Asia Paci ¬Ã‚ c, that was unlikely to offer sufficient to offset the difficulties that might be going to encounter over a  ¬Ã‚ ve-year run absent of action in the bigger developed markets in Europe and North America. This had let to re-think what may happen to their passenger engine oil business and how competitor may take advantage over this situation. Further the Castrol group must increase its quality control procedure to avoid competitors defects in the production stage to avoid losses and meet competition effectively. Managing change The alternative which management developed, in considerable detail, involved is breaking the Group up. This acknowledged market skepticism about the coherence of the portfolio. Although the need for radical restructuring was accepted, an issue which management did not fully resolve at this point in the process concerned how the slicing should be carried out. The restructuring would not give the expected results unless the employees are satisfied with the changes. So Castrol should take measures to create confidence in the minds of the employee with regarding to changes. The employee participation in changes will make them success. In other word it should reduce resistance and increase cooperation within organisation. The management should increase two way communications from the top to bottom level of the hierarchy in order to implement the strategic changes successfully. Value chain analysis (Appendix6), balance score card (Appendix7) and cultural webs (Appendix8) are given in the Appendixes, which could be integrated in to Castrol organisation system to yield better results. Financial performance of Castrol The financial performance at Castrol during 1999 was very poor; either a lost or just break-even. This was attributed to several factors: high financial costs, low -margin product lines, poor sales, high interest rates and high procurement costs. (Gerry, n.d) Conclusion The case study evaluated by this report concentrates on different restructuring strategy and structure processors under taken by Castrol during the period of 1995-1999. In this analysis I have taken each structure one by one and commented on factors which led Castrol to do each restructuring process, characteristics of each structure and elements which led each structure to its failure. I have the identified the critical issue that are faced by Castrol as the lack of focus into future in making organizational structures for the corporation. In order to evaluate this case from a strategic management perspective I have used different models such as 5 forces model, 7S matrix, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis and Cultural web. Introduction has been given to each model applied and how it can be related to Castrol Company. Future Castrol is also looking towards further development of the engine oil business, possibly restructuring its strategy or by joint venture to survive in the competitor edge. Therefore I concluded that the success of most of the businesses was based on competences to do with high levels of service rooted in localized knowledge of how their product applications could meet customer need. Success was not so much based on the technical aspect of product as on industrial marketing and service on a local basis. An important exception to this pattern was that part of the passenger car lubricants business which involved sale of product through retail channels. After critically examining the company I will be giving my recommendation for Castrol and a proposed action plan for the required period. Recommendation The success of these businesses was much more to do with understanding customer needs than the production of oil. Therefore moving into much greater focus on devolution of responsibility to the market-facing business units is recommended. And Castrol was using the old approach which was not going to enable them to continue to grow the business at the previous rate of strategic plan. So its recommended for Castrol to develop a new strategy for their business in order to compete in this environmental market. They should also look at the other business such as the industrial lubricants business, the marine lubricants business and the commercial lubricants business which can be the key factor to survive in the market. Since their internal structure for managing the global Castrol lubricants business was no longer appropriate they have to re-structure the organisational structure if they want to optimize their position in each of the four markets. To reach that to optimize performance over the whole business, and to achieve economies of scale, they have to move away from a geographic structure to one focusing on each of the four areas of Castrol as global businesses in their own right. The old structure had been immensely successful. It had enabled a very strong ethic of customer focus and a strong esprit de corps. So its recommended to fellow as overall it benefiting the company. As an executive team they have to explore what opportunities there were for us to play a part in the process of consolidation. It concluded that the success of most of the businesses was based on competences to do with high levels of service rooted in localized knowledge of how their product applications could meet customer need. Similar to the earlier exercise on the Chemicals businesses, the conclusion was that success was not so much based on the technical aspect of product as on industrial marketing and service on a local basis. An important exception to this pattern was that part of the passenger car lubricants business which involved sale of product through retail channels. Justification Castrol is well recognized engine oil manufacture in the world have established in worldwide counties. Since there was a management deficiencies, the performance of the Castrol have reduced. Therefore practicing traditional approach as it helps the Castrol it is recommended to above so in case of problem in future the company can adopt old strategy to sustain its position in the market. As recommended above, moving into much greater focus on devolution of responsibility to the market-facing business units as the success of these businesses was much more to do with understanding customer needs than the production of oil. And Castrol was using the old approach which was not going to enable them to continue to grow the business at the previous rate of strategic plan. So it has been recommended for Castrol to develop a new strategy for their business in order to compete in this environmental market. By having tight relationship with customer can help Castrol to perform effective and efficiently by segment its product according to the need of the customers. And also having a well defined marketing strategy would increase the market share and the revenue of the company. Thus Castrol should make a long range plan to satisfy the needs of the two segments through increased product plan, research and development. References Hubbard, G. Rice, J. Beamish, P. (2005). Strategic management thinking analysis action. (3rd ed) .Pearson education Australia Johnson, Gerry (n.d). The sale of Burmah Castrol to BP Amoco.Exploring Corporate Strategy Kotelnikov, Vadim (Shared Values).[ n.d] retrived January 18, 2010 from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/shared_values.html. Plunkett (Business Information) [December 01, 2008]. retrived on January 22, 2010 from http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/Plunkett_Research-Energy_Industry_Market_Research_and_Competitive_Analysis_2009_from_Plunkett_Research-2082-13. Viljoen, J. Dann, S. (2003). Strategic management (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Pearson Education Pty Ltd. Appendixes APPENDIX 1 MC KINSEYS 7SMATRIX http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_theories/img/mckinsey_7s.jpg Strategy The strategy of the Castrol Corporation was to continue to develop as a very successful global business with an increasingly powerful brand, motivate functional managers to take part in corporate decisions making in order to improve performance and to meet competition efficiently. It is through this vision the whole organization should perform and it takes the leading role in getting other elements of the 7S matrix to follow in order to achieve those targets. Structure The structure of Castrol company had been a geographically based model, with four regional directors, the line managers responsible for over 50 country managers who ran their country businesses, very successfully hitherto, like individual freedoms. Traditional flat structure, where there were two way communications between the top management and the functional management. However by restructuring each department was converted into autonomous cellular structure where the C.E.O of each company was responsible for his own company. Systems Systems can be regarded as day today ongoing processors of the any company, thus these can vary from Human Resource procedures, accounting procedures, production lines, documentation etc. Castrol should try their best to make their systems more effective through innovations and management layouts. Style Castrol company had a straight span of management with most of the decision was made at the top level of management since it was vested with CEO of that company. This represented a autocratic style of leadership but under the restructuring Castrol can change its decision making style which was previously was under CEO and staffs can be encourage to make decision in critical situations. Staff Organizations are made up of humans and its the people who make the real difference to the success of the organization in the increasingly dynamic knowledge-based environments. The importance of human resources has thus got the central position in the strategy of the organization. This involves the methods how businesses develop employees to shape up value to improve performance. The two way feedback introduced after the restructured programmes improved the communication between the top management and the subordinate staff. Shared Values Shared values are what engender trust and link an organization together. Shared values are also the identity by which an organization is known throughout its business areas. These values must be stated as both corporate objectives and individual values.   (Vadim Kotelnikov, nd) All the employees of the Castrol should be encouraged to take the in the strategic implementation process. Skills Skills of staff member are not sufficient for Castrol since they had lack of trust internally with hindered the company performance. But after that restructuring and reconsidering strategy the company can improve its performance since present year profit have declined comparing to previous year profit.. This can be solved by training and educational programmes for the staff paradigm of operation, recruitments of young, dynamic, innovative technical staff to infuse organisational culture. Appendix 2 SWOT Analysis Strengths The Burmah Oil Company was founded in 1886 by Scottish entrepreneurs. Operates petrochemical businesses worldwide through the network of its subsidiaries and retail brands The passenger car engine oil business, which represented 75 per cent of total profits faced the prospect of more efficient engines oil suppliersCastrol strong brand loyalty for oil Very successful developing world position, particularly in Asia Paci ¬Ã‚ c. Weaknesses Castrol had some lack of belief internally, lack of belief externally and a possibly time-limited opportunity as a result of oil industry consolidation. Some of the areas of business were suffering because of the dominant culture of the passenger car engine oil business. Reduce in share price of Castrol Opportunities The strategic review identi ¬Ã‚ ed an underlying theme of industrial marketing and quality service as the core competences of the successful chemicals businesses. Extension of strategic oil and gas acquisitions in North Sea area; Launch of more flexible price policy to compete main rivals.   Threats Environmentally unsound policies due to oil and toxic spills; Possibilities for rendering the Chemicals portfolio as a whole more substantial and therefore more able to sit comfortably alongside Castrol Ceasing operations in a number of potential locations   with their further re-branding (Conoco); Sale of corporate-owned stations; Share price was sliced down to  £7 which was the extremes of a dull range. Since the passenger car engine oil business, which represented 75 per cent of total pro ¬Ã‚ ts, faced the prospect of more efficient engines requiring longer and longer gaps between oil changes; and therefore of potential long-term volume decline. Further lawsuits considering the companys ecological activities. Appendix 3 Industrial Environment analysis of Castrol by using Porters Five Forces model The strongest competitive force or forces determine the profitability of an industry and become the most important to strategy formulation (Porter .M,2008). Analysis by Porters five forces can be said that threat of new entrants is low due to huge capital and cutting-edge technology. Suppliers are weak because they are spread all over the world and cannot easily forward integrate. Buyers are weak due to low demand for non-consumer goods and high switching costs; moreover, buyers are not able to backward integrate. Substitutes are moderately strong due to different and less-expensive transportation facilities. On the other hand, intensity of rivalry is strong because of major players are dominant in the market by nearly same technology and manufacturing processes, suppliers relationship and distribution systems. Treat from New entrance Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Revelry among Competitors Treat from Substitutes Threat of New Entrants- The expansion of foreign competitors began to decrease the market of car companies. As the world is experiencing economic downturn there is a great opportunity for the low cost customers to enter into the market. The conference of customers towards the brand is the only barrier to entry the market. Power of Suppliers A lot of suppliers depend on a certain oil companies to buy a majority of their products. If Castrol decided to change suppliers it could be the end of the suppliers business. Consequently, suppliers have little power.  Castrol should have a tightly bound network of suppliers, and partly to hedge against the loss of key suppliers. Threat from substitutes- There are oil companies such as BP, Shell, reliance etc which are the major competitor in the oil business market. Switching cost, change in buyers preferences and qualities of supply all create threat to Castrol Company. Power of buyers Castrol bargaining power of buyers, is quiet weak for Castrol and the entire automobile industry with a large number of alternative suppliers, hence, the aggressive pricing strategy. The five forces analysis gives an improved understanding of the degree of competition within the business environment. The analysis shows that the automotive industry is highly competitive, with buyers possessing and exerting a very powerful influence to the large number of substitute brands available to them. Appendix 4 PEST Analysis POLITICAL World energy markets are becoming more volatile due to the threat of geopolitical instability. Greater climate destabilisations from CO2 emissions are leading governments to encourage more sustainable forms of energy. World energy markets are becoming more volatile due to the growing oil requirements of a buoyant Chinese economy, creating tension between nations   Ã‚  ECONOMIC Economy is underpinned by its energy Energy markets will see demand increasing by almost 60 percent, with fossil fuels meeting most of this, and nuclear and renewable energy markets having limited relative contribution Alternative energy sources as a percentage of total energy supply are increasing and are expected to continue to do so. SOCIAL Kyoto Agreement, signed in 1992, has led to carbon funds (World Bank,) and emission trading in Europe and around the world, which is becoming a legal requirement. Peoples worldview is starting to change to a concern over the sustainability of the future, although this is not expected to change dramatically to justify widespread changes to energy use for some time.   TECHNOLOGY The International Energy Agency states that alternative energy markets will be underpinned by technological breakthroughs. Research shows technology is the key to competitiveness in the alternative energy industry; whilst alternative energy technologies are underpinned by 48 critical success factors across technological, commercial, socio-political and organisational categories. Appendix 5 Organisational structure Castrol adopted an organisational structure that was significantly different from a traditional approach to reflect the new business environment in the mid 1997s. Unlike the structure of many modern structure oil companies they have adapted to their tradional approach because of it convenience. The Tim Steven at the companys level holds a position as the CEO of Board of Directors, and the manager was in charge of all other functions at Castrol. All functional heads at Castrol also hold the position of party secretary at that function. These, to a great degree, facilitate the coordination between the CEO and management at Castrol, particularly at the functional level. The organisational structure that created for Castrol is shown in this figure, CEO Vice President (Production) Vice President (Technology) Vice President (Equipment) oil making oil rolling Production office Technology Automation Quality inspection Equipment Maintenance Planning Accounting Materials Supply Personnel Chairman Board of directors 50 country managers Line manager Regional director Regional director sident Regional director Regional director Appendix 6 Value Chain analysis Firm Infrastructure (Administration, Salaries and Wages, Assets of BMW, After sale services) Technology Development (New models, Development of new technological programs) Human Resource Management ( Recruitment and selection of qualified engineers and general managers, continuous training and development/ supervision) Procurement (Increase output of new models such as mini and Road rover) Inbound Logistic Getting contact with new supplier for back up and production of new models to attract different groups of customers Operation Carrying out activities such as acquiring technology and employing skill workers Outbound Logistic consumer loyalty created by quality Marketing and Sales Marketing is done by providing a Effective branding and establishes emotional contacts to the customers of Toyota Appendix 7 Balance score card of Castrol FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE How should we appear to our shareholders? Vision and strategy LEARNING AND GROWTH PERPECTIVE: To achieve our vision how should we sustain our ability to challenge improve? CUSTOMER FOCUS: How should we appear to our customers? OPERATINGPERFORMANCE: What business processes must we excel at? The balanced scorecard is a performance measurement and management tool which is gaining in popularity and which is particularly useful for the implementation and assessment of strategy. The balanced scorecard is a comprehensive framework that translates an organizations vision into a coherent set of strategic initiatives and performance measures. Financial perspective Burmah Castrol is in fact very much more than one homogenous business and indeed the Castrol Lubes business extends across a number of segments, each quite different in nature. Each business group is run independently from the others in Burmah Castrol and we have a strong tradition of local operating unit autonomy. Indeed, it is fair to say that we never operate as a centralized business and the size of our operating units runs right across the spectrum from the very small to the very large, as this chart of annual turnover illustrates. It have got 109 units, with an annual turnover of less than  £5m and then move down the scale; 26 less than  £10m; 20 at less than  £15m; etc. And then go right up the scale and there is what we would see as mega units: 1 at  £100m; 1 in the  £200m range; and 2 in the  £300m range. Customer perspective Castrol Consumer is world leader in the supply of car and motorcycle lubricants and services, marketing to workshops and retail chains, auto accessory stores and petrol stations. Principal products are engine oils, e.g. GTX, transmission  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uids and brake  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uids. To establish in todays market its vital for every company to establish a strong relationship between customer and the company. Complete customer satisfaction is what is needed to achieve this relationship. Castrol should build a strong relationship that reflects their values as individuals and members of the society. And they always try to build relationships with customers based on mutual trust and loyalty. Internal business process perspective Castrol Commercial provides products and services principally to on and off-road vehicle  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eets. Off-road business includes vehi